Certification Examination Topics Covered
Click below for lists of examination topics for the certification of interest.
Certified LOPA Practitioner (CLP®)
Examinees should ensure they are thoroughly familiar with the following topics:
- Process safety concepts
- Meaning of process safety
- Process hazard analysis
- Hazard
- Hazard scenario
- Initiating events and causes
- Intermediate events
- Safeguards
- Enablers
- Receptors and consequences
- Hazardous conditions
- Hazardous events
- Independent and dependent failures
- Common cause failures
- Random and systematic failures
- Process safety time
- Risk
- Severity
- Likelihood
- Frequency and probability
- Probability of failure on demand
- Frequency of dangerous failure
- Safety availability
- Risk reduction factor
- Risk criteria
- Tolerable risk
- Conducting PHA to facilitate LOPA
- Information needed for LOPA
- Problems to avoid
- LOPA
- Purpose
- Elements involved
- Meaning of protection layers
- Types of protection layers
- Independent protection layers
- Benefits
- Applications and uses
- Limitations
- Relationship to PHA
- Relationship to IEC 61511 / ISA 84
- Meaning of safety instrumented system (SIS)
- Meaning of safety instrumented function (SIF)
- Meaning of safety integrity level (SIL)
- Role of SISs and SIFs in process safety
- Implementation
- Issues
- Challenges
- Guidelines
- Pitfalls
- Auditing IPLs
- Study preparation
- Information and failure data needed
- Collection and selection of information and data
- Team members
- Selection of scenarios
- Study performance
- Consequence types
- Consequence endpoints
- Estimating consequence severities
- Identification of enablers
- Addressing enablers
- Identification of IPLs
- IPL qualification criteria
- Estimating scenario likelihoods
- Estimating scenario risks
- Judging tolerability of risk
- Verification of results
- Follow-up
- Study documentation and reporting
- Use of worksheets
- Report contents
- IPL documentation
Certified LOPA Specialist (CLS®)
Examinees should ensure they are thoroughly familiar with the examination topics. Various topics from the CLP® examination are addressed along with the following additional topics:
- SIS Standards
- Purpose of IEC 61511 / ISA 84
- Safety requirements specification
- Demand mode and continuous mode SIFs
- Requirements for SIL determination
- Process hazard and risk assessment
- Objectives
- Requirements
- Identification of SIFs
- Allocation of safety functions
- Objectives
- Requirements
- Hazardous events
- Meaning
- Risk tolerance criteria
- SIL determination
- Approach
- Requirements
- Necessary risk reduction
- Risk reduction required
- Risk reduction factor
- Residual risk
- Analysis methods
- Selection of a method
- Risk calculation procedure
- Risk matrices
- Structure
- Calibration
- Use
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Pitfalls
- Risk Graphs
- Structure
- Calibration
- Use
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Pitfalls
- LOPA
- Calibration
- Use
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Pitfalls
Certified LOPA Expert (CLE®)
Examinees should ensure they are thoroughly familiar with the examination topics. Various topics from the CLP® and CLS® examinations are addressed along with the following additional topics:
- Risk
- Definitions
- Impact measures
- Individual risk
- Group risk
- Forms of risk measures
- Need for criteria
- Use of criteria
- Factors in setting criteria
- Allocation of criteria
- Scaling of criteria
- Risk aversion
- Risk calculation
- Risk offsets
- Peak risk
- Risk qualities
- ALARP principle
- Meaning
- Use
- f-N and F-N curves
- Limit lines
- Consideration of uncertainties